Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used as remedies for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sokoto North Western Nigeria

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents one of the most prevalent urological disorders among older men. Medicinal plants have been used since antiquity in treating various types of human illnesses, including prostatic diseases. Despite the plethora of published ethnobotanical surveys on Nigerian medicinal plants for treating various diseases, there is a paucity of such research in the country with respect to botanical agents used in treating BPH. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at obtaining ethnobotanical information regarding the use of herbs by the residents of Sokoto metropolis in the treatment of BPH. Materials and Methods: After permission from departmental ethics committee, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted on medicinal plants utilised for the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia in Sokoto state, North Western Nigeria using semistructured oral interviews. Results: Findings from this survey showed a total of 44 plant species belonging to 22 families. Among the species, Cassia sieberiana DC., Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. and Lawsonia inermis L. were the most commonly utilised. The part most commonly used for BPH are the stembark, followed by the roots. Seeds, leaves, and bulbs were found to be infrequently used. Irrespective of the plant parts used water was the most frequently employed medium of extraction. Though less popular, fermented milk, fermented milk-millet mixture, and a traditional cereal-based beverage were also employed. The most common modes of preparation were decoctions and infusions, while oral was the main route of administration. Conclusion: This survey documented 44 plant species used traditionally in Sokoto metropolis as a remedy for BPH. Further studies are recommended to confirm the efficacy and evaluate the mechanisms of action of standardized formulations of the herbal recipes individually and in combination.

Clinical effectiveness and tolerability of phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia - A systematic review of systematic reviews

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is defined as a progressive nonmalignant enlargement of smooth muscle and epithelial cells in the prostate. A lot of studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of phytotherapeutic agents against BPH, making it a daunting task to review comprehensively. Aim and Objectives: The present article aimed to review the existing systematic reviews of primary studies on the subject. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were used in searching the articles. Materials and Methods: After permission from the departmental ethics committee, the quality of the retrieved articles was assessed using a revised assessment of multiple systematic reviews scale. Results: Sixteen reviews were included, with the majority (11 out of 16) focusing on Serenoa repens extracts. Such evidence for other phytotherapeutic agents studied is either limited, conflicting, or lacking. Issues about the primary studies included in the reviews were discussed and some recommendations presented. Conclusion: The reviews that focused on the most widely studied hexanic extract of S. repens, Permixon, were consistent in their conclusions that the extract is beneficial in improving the symptoms of BPH.

Assessment of CPR Knowledge among Clinical Radiography Students at a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria

Background: Current state of practice of medical imaging now encompasses advancesupportive care to patient, in addition to the supportive care offered for the stabilization of patient before radiologic procedures. Advance supportive care, such as Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is offered to patient who may have cardiopulmonary arrests.Objective: To assess the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among clinical radiography students of a tertiary institution in Sokoto. Methods:A cross section study employing a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire, consisting of two section, designed with the aim of the study were distributed among 82 clinical radiography students (300 –500 level), in the 2017/2018 academy session of the tertiary institution (Usmanu Danfodiyo University) in Sokoto. The data were extracted using SPSS version 20 and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: A total of 75 questionnaire were returned, yielding a response rate of 91.5%. Respondents comprised 53 male and 22 female aged 20 to 34 years with mean age of 27 years. It was observed that 68% of the students had never had a CPR training and about 4% of the respondents knew the recommended compression to ventilation ratio during a CPR. While 1.3% knew the recommended chest compression to be performed each minute when giving CPR. Majority of the respondents (94.7%) were of the opinion, that CPR training should be made mandatory for all clinical radiography students.Conclusion:Base on the evidence presented within this study, there is knowledge gap in the practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among clinical radiography students, as majority of the students do not have adequate knowledge on the practice of CPR.

Pyogenic discitis in female after delivery and pelvic surgery

Pyogenic discitis most frequently occurs after home delivery, hemorridectomy, and dilatation and curettage. Discitis is generally due to blood borne bacterial invasion of the disc from adjacent end-plate via communicating vessels. Infective discitis remains an uncommon, but potentially serious cause for back pain. Delayed diagnosis can occur and a high index of suspicion may occur. The study included 30 patients suffering from localized low back pain with limitation of movement. Diagnosis was made by history, physical examination and investigation mainly E.S.R and MRI. 50.3% of patient with discitis had a history of vaginal delivery, 15% had a history of hemorridectomy and 10% had a history of dilatation and curettage and cesarean section surgery. All patients had elevated E.S.R, Positive C-reactive protein and positive MRI finding. We must think of Pyogenic discitis in any patient with sever backache, fever, local tenderness, and high ESR

Adenocarcinome primitif de la vessie : a propos de 7 cas

Objective: The analysis of the etiopathologic; diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Patients and Methods: We report on a series of 7 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder out of a total of 564 cases of bladder tumors seen at our institution during a period of 14 years (1989-2003). All 7 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder presented with gross hematuria. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in 3 cases where the tumor was locally advanced or metastatic; radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion in 2 cases where the tumor was located in the bladder neck and trigone; partial cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection and bladder augmentation ileoplasty followed by an adjuvant chemotherapy in one case where the tumor was located at the dome of the bladder; and transurethral bladder resection followed by a chemotherapy with intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C in the remaining patient with superficial lesions. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 15 years with a mean follow-up of 93 months. Results: The two patients treated by radical cystectomy had no recurrence after 12 months; while the patient treated by transurethral resection followed by intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C was free of disease 15 years after the intervention. The patient treated by partial cystectomy did not show any local recurrence after 10 months. Among the patients treated by chemotherapy (5-FU); a partial response was achieved in two with a mean survival of 12 months; while the remaining patient died within 6 months from treatment. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is often diagnosed late. No consensus on therapy has been achieved so far. Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for organ-confined tumors. Superficial lesions are very rare and may be treated conservatively

value of early mobilization in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of collagen maturation which results in abnormal skeletal, ligament, skin, sclera, and dentin formation. Management includes focusing on preventing or minimizing deformities and maximizing the individual's functional ability at home and in the community. Physical therapy including early mobilization after fracture is effective in strengthening muscles which in turn, improves bone density. The theory of set-point proposal, a possible causative mechanism in osteogenesis imperfecta presents a special mechanism of skeletal intermediary organization causing many features of the disease. The minimum effective strain is abnormal in osteogenesis imperfecta, so early mobilization is important in prevention of further fractures of the limbs. The prediction of the role of early mobilization in decreasing the incident of fractures of long bones in osteogenesis imperfecta. This is a prospective study of 42 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta for ten years, they were studied and different methods and treatment used, they were divided into two groups. Group I, included 24 patients which included new patients with new fractures of femur and treated by early mobilization, Group II, included 18 patients treated by immobilization [plaster of paris]. For both groups the commonest age group was [0-2 years]. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Radiological classification mostly thick bone type. Sillence classification, mostly sillence I. In group I surgery was done for 33.3%, traction methods for 66.7%. Follow up for 2.5-3 years was done and 4.2% develop fracture in the same femur while 8.75% developed fracture the contra-lateral femur. In group II all patients treated by immobilization for 4-6 weeks using plaster of pairs, during follow up for same period 16.7% develop fracture in the same femur. And 16.7% developed fracture in the ipsi-lateral tibia. Early mobilization in patients with osteogene imperfecta proved to be a good method in preventing and decreasing the incidence of fractures in different tubular bones

study on the effectiveness of bupivacaine in relieving post-operative hernioraphy pain

A double blinded prospective study was conducted in salmaniya medical center [SMC] to asses the effectiveness of intra-operative wound bathing by Bupivacaine HC1 [marcain] in reducing post operative pain. Thirty patients aged 16-65 years who was scheduled for elective inguinal herniorraphy during the period march august 1992 at SMC were randomized into two groups [15 cases and 15 control]. Postoperative pain was assessed according to a scoring scale from 0[no pain] to 10 [severe pain]. It was found that none of the patients who received marcain suffered from moderate or severe pain during the first six hours post operatively compared with 93% of those who did not recive marcain [p<0.0000]. In addition, patients receiving marcain needed less distalgesic tablets [46%] compared to those who did not recive marcain [87%]. It is concluded that intra-operative bathing of wounds with marcain is an effective method in relieving post-operative pain in patients undergoing herniorraphy